Present Continuous Tense

Present Continuous:
Subjek + to be (am/is/are) + (Verb+ing)

Kita menggunakan Present Continuous Tense ini untuk menunjukkan sebuah kejadian yang saat ini sedang/masih berlangsung.

Contoh:
- Please don't make so much noise. I'm studying
- Let's go out now. It isn't raining anymore.

Kita juga menggunakan Present Continuous Tense untuk kejadian yang masih/sedang berlangsung, meski tidak harus selalu terkait dengan si pembicara.

Contoh:
- Have you heard about Tom? He is building his new house.

Penggunaan selanjutnya adalah pada situasi yang sedang berubah.

Contoh:
- The population of the world is growing very fast

Contoh soal: Pilih mana kalimat yang benar!
1. "What are you talking about?" "I talk about the last night football match."
2. "I am very hungry, let's get some snack." "Sorry, I am fasting."
3. Please be quiet! I try to concentrate.
4. He is still ill but he gets better slowly.
5. I do my jobs now, don't ever disturb me!
6. When you are busy, I am waiting for you to finish your job.
7. I am sleeping when you came last night.
8. are you doing your homework last night?

Past Continuous Tense

Past Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan kejadian yang sedang dilakukan oleh seseorang yang telah mulai pada waktu yang lampau namun masih belum selesai saat itu.

Ingat rumus: Subjek + to be (bentuk kedua: was/were) + (verb+ing)

Sebagai contoh awal:
-  What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night?
- This time last year I was living in Singapore.

Past Continuous Tense tidak memberitahukan kita apakah kejadian yangsedang dibicarakan sudah selesai atau belum. Yang jelas, kejadian itu telah dimulai pada saat yang lampau, bukan waktu sekarang.

Contoh: Bandingkan!

• Tom was cooking dinner (Tom sedang memasak pada suatu waktu, namun kita tidak tahu kalau kegiatan memasaknya sudah selesai apa belum saat kita membicarakannya)
• Tom cooked dinner (Simple Past Tense digunakan karena kita tahu secara persis kapan Tom mulai memasak (lampau) dan kapan ia selesai memasak)

Past Continuous sering digunakan berbarengan dengan Simple Past Tense.
Contoh:

• We were having dinner when Tom arrived.
• I saw Tom in the mall. He was shopping with his sister.

Bandingkan!

• When Tom arrived, we were having dinner. (Past Continuous karena saat Tom datang kita sudah mulai makan malam)
• When Tom arrived, we had dinner. (Past simple karena kita makan malam setelah Tom datang)

Exercise!
Perhatikan mana kalimat yang salah atau belum lengkap, koreksi!

1. It ...... (rain) when I ..... (get) up.
2. While I ..... (work) in the garden, I (hurt) my legs.
3. The phone ..... (ring) when I ..... (watch) TV.
4. We .......(not,go) to the school because it ....... (rain).
5. I was going the theater when my sister was coming to my house.
6. I was doing my homework last night.
7. I watched Moto GP race on the TV last night.
8. I went to that place while you were making those pictures.

Past Perfect Tense

Ingat Rumusnya!
Subjek + Had + Verb 3 + Objek (opsional)

Past Perfect Tense menunjukkan kejadian yang sudah terjadi pada masa lampau. Past Perfect tense biasanya dipakai bersamaan dengan Past Simple untuk menunjukkan sebuah kejadian yang lebih dulu terjadi dibandingkan dengan kejadian Past Simple. Untuk lebih jelasnya lihat contoh:

- When I arrived at the party, Tom had already gone home.

- George didn't want to come to the cinema with us because he had already seen the film twice.

- It was my first time in an aeroplane. I was very nervous because I hadn't flow before.

Perhatikan contoh berikut!

- "Was Tom there when you arrived?" "Yes, but he went home soon afterwards."

- Ann had just got home when I phoned her. She had been in London.

Sekarang waktunya latihan.
Cari mana yang kalimatnya salah. Perbaiki!
1. My best friend was no longer there. He had gone away.
2. The local cinema had been no longer open. It closed down.
3. Bill no longer had his car. It had already been sold.
4. The women was a complete stranger to me. I had never seen her.
5. We arrived at the cinema late. It already began.
6. The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody already went to bed.
7. Sorry I'm late. The car had broke down on my way here.
8. I didn't recognize Mrs Johnson. She changed a lot.

Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Tense memberitahu kita keadaan yang saat ini sudah terjadi.

Ingat rumusnya!
subjek + Have/Has + Verb 3 + objek

Contoh:
- Jack has lost his key. (Present Perfect)

(maksud dari kalimat diatas bahwa Jack telah kehilangan kunci dan dia belum menemukannya saat ini)

Berbeda jika kita mengatakan:
- Jack lost his key. (past simple)

(kalimat diatas menunjukkan bahwa Jack kehilangan kunci, namun kita tidak tahu apakah Jack sudah menemukan kuncinya atau belum)

Jika kita hendak memberitahukan sebuah kejadian yang sudah/baru saja terjadi dan sekarang masih ada efeknya maka kita menggunakan Present Perfect Tense, namun jika kita hendak menanggapinya maka kita menggunakan Past Simple.

Contoh:
- A: Ow! I have burnt my hands!
- B: How did you do that?
- A: I touched a hot dish.

Untuk kejadian yang tidak ada hubungannya sama sekali dengan waktu sekarang (kejadian yang sudah lampau/sejarah) maka tidak boleh menggunakan Present Perfect tense melainkan Past Tense.

Latihan soal!
Cari mana kalimat yang salah. Koreksi!
1. Who has written the play Hamlet?
2. Aristotle has been a greek philosopher.
3. Ow! I've cut my finger. It's bleeding.
4. Look at George! He had a haircut.
5. My grandparents got married in London.
6. Einstein was the physicist who has developed the theory of relativity.
7. Last year Kevin has bought a new car. Now it belongs to someone else.
8. Bill cut his hair. Now it has grown again.

Simple Present Tense

Simple Present Tense digunakan untuk membicarakan hal atau kejadian yang sifatnya umum. Kejadian yang dimaksud adalah kejadian yang terjadi sekarang, atau kejadian yang terjadi secara berulang-ulang.

Rumus:
Subjek + Verb 1 + Objek (opsional)
Subjek + do/does + not + verb 1 + objek (negatif)
Do/Does + Subjek + verb 1 + objek? (pertanyaan)

Catatan:
- Jika subjek He, She, It maka Verb 1 + _es/_s
- Untuk verb yang berakhiran ch, x, sh, s maka ditambah _es

Agar lebih jelasnya silakan lihat contoh:

- She makes money online.
- They go to the movie.
- It has the biggest tail in the world.
- I have no money.

Contoh lain terkait verb dengan akhiran sh, s, ch, x, y.

- She prays in the church.
- He studies so hard to get the best score.
- He teaches biology and math.

 Sekarang latihan soal!
Cari yang salah kemudian perbaiki.
1. She make a new model of car.
2. He made an excellent score.
3. Does he go to school?
4. Do they got the key already?
5. I have one car and two bicycle.
6. I does not have money.
7. They do not want to work at night.
8. He does a good job.

Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan kejadian yang terjadi pada masa lampau.

Ingat Rumus!

Subjek + Verb 2 + Objek (opsional)
Subjek + did + not + Verb 1 + Objek (negatif)
Did + Subjek + Verb 1 + Objek? (pertanyaan)

Untuk kata kerja bentuk kedua ada dua jenis yaitu Regular Verbs dan Irregular Verbs. Untuk regular verbs (kata kerja beraturan) jika diubah menjadi kata kerja bentuk kedua (Verb 2) maka harus ditambahi akhiran _ed. Sedangkan Irregular Verbs untuk merubahnya menjadi bentuk Verb 2 Anda harus melihat Kamus.

Contoh:
- I made a kite (Irregular Verb)
- He did an excellent job (Irregular Verb)
- They worked so hard (Regular Verb)
- We painted our bicycle in red color. (Regular Verb)

Latihan soal!
Cari mana yang salah kemudian perbaiki!
1. I went to the hospital last night.
2. He gone to Malaysia last month.
3. He maked the best aeroplane model for the contest.
4. It taken some time to correct the paper.
5. We could get the best answer for the examination yesterday.
6. He slept after making some noise.
7. She burned her own house last year.
8. She got the new shopping coupon.